Exploration of Struggles with Credit Cards in Maxed Out by...

Credit cards have become increasingly popular world-wide, making it easier to buy now and pay later but are they actually helping or hindering someone’s credit? â€Å"Maxed Out† by James D. Scurlock demonstrates how credit cards can hurt someone’s credit, while â€Å"Why Won’t Anyone give Me a Credit Card† by Kevin O’Donnell demonstrates how someone may have financial stability to pay off a credit card, but still be consistently denied one by the credit card companies. Owning credit cards is not the problem; the problem is being irresponsible with it. James D Scurlock’s â€Å"Maxed Out† focused on the revolving use of credit cards to charge now and pay later and the fact that once the credit card was maxed out another one was sent from the credit card companies and the whole process begins all over again. Scurlock’s essay made the reader aware of the downfalls and hardships that can occur when credit cards are constantly used for purchases compared to Kevin O’Donnell’s â€Å"Why Won’t Anyone give Me a Credit Card†. O’Donnell’s essay explored the opposite of Scurlock’s, his essay was geared more towards the fact of not owning a credit card prior to entering the professional world. He explored his point through an educated professional man, who was constantly denied an unsecured credit card in spite of having a full time employment, no monthly house payments, no finances owed to other lenders and no dependents that need to be taken care of. When looking at the effectiveness of both essays, one

Governments Support For Healthcare Reform - 1180 Words

Many problems arise when people come together to form a society. One of those problems is how they govern themselves, take care of their own and those less fortunate than themselves. The role of the government is to take care of the people that make up that said government. But a government run program with hundreds of millions of people will have it slow pace of effectiveness and reform. The US government is a prime example of extremely slow change to reform. But the government must fill of role of providing for the health of its own citizens. This take form in government aided health care programs. So ethically every person should have access to some form of healthcare. And the government should do what they can to remove any obstacles that keep people from treatment. As the country changes there has been many grassroots movements for healthcare reform. (Hoffman, 2003). When a person has to work but is unable to due to injury and or sickness riddles the person with high cost medical bills that does nothing but stress and worsens the situation of the person. America has gone through many healthcare reforms but is still slow to get treatment for the people who depend on government aided care. One of the first major advocates for health care in the US was Theodore Roosevelt in the early 1900s with the rise of progressivism in society. Then later, Franklin Delano Roosevelt also was an advocate for public funded health programs like social security during theShow MoreRelatedNhs Reform Essay examples1662 Words   |  7 Pagespaper briefing, July 2010 The Secretary of State for Health, Andrew Lansley, has set out the government’s plans to reform the NHS in England. 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Succubus Heat CHAPTER 19 Free Essays

string(27) " of us certain what to do\." The next day, Dante was off to work, and I called Cody right after breakfast. â€Å"Hey,† I said. â€Å"Are you guys still being beach bunnies?† â€Å"You bet,† he said brightly. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Heat CHAPTER 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"One of our neighbors has a sailboat and offered to let us go with him and-â€Å" â€Å"That’s not quite what I had in mind,† I interrupted. An hour and a half later, Peter echoed my thoughts. â€Å"This wasn’t what I had in mind.† I’d convinced them to come out with me on my beach hunt. Unfortunately, the day was cold and threatened rain. As we walked along the water at Dash Point, icy wind ripped off the waves and cut across our faces. I snuggled into my jacket, thinking of how many times I’d taken the ability to shape-shift warmer coats for granted. â€Å"Look, I know you guys think you’re on spring break, but eventually, we will get another archdemon, and I’d rather it be Jerome.† â€Å"Yes, but it’s not like this is exactly an airtight plan,† Peter argued. â€Å"We’re pretty much going to beaches at random, in the hopes of finding white sand. Look at this stuff. It’s beige†¦is that close enough to white?† I cut him a sidelong glance. â€Å"You once got in an argument with Carter about the difference between ‘Denim Days Blue’ and ‘Summer Cobalt.’ You tell me. Is there a difference between white and beige?† Peter kicked sand up with the toe of his boot. â€Å"It was ‘ Winter Cobalt,’ and Carter was wrong. There’s a huge difference between those two.† Cody and I hid our grins as we continued our trek. Dash Point State Park was near Federal Way, down on the south side of Puget Sound. It had seemed reasonable to start there and work our way around the coast, back up toward Seattle. This was our second park of the day, and so far, we’d seen nothing to match the seal’s cryptic clues. On our drive to the third place, Peter was still pessimistic. â€Å"You know, this would be a lot easier if we had your dead-beat boyfriend along. We can only go off visual clues at this point. We need someone who can actually sense the power around the vessel.† â€Å"Dante’s busy at work,† I explained. â€Å"Huh,† Cody mused. â€Å"I never expected to hear ‘busy’ and ‘at work’ used together when it came to Dante.† â€Å"Be quiet,† I said. â€Å"Leave the snark to Hugh and Peter.† â€Å"What about Erik?† asked Peter. â€Å"He’s psychic.† â€Å"Yeah, I considered that, but he’s getting old and his back’s been bothering him. I hate to ask him to walk around and around with me†¦but well, I haven’t ruled it out.† â€Å"And you don’t know any more psychics?† â€Å"Nope. Not that I trust, at least.† â€Å"Me either,† admitted Peter. â€Å"But I bet Hugh does.† â€Å"Yeah, you’re probably-† I stopped mid-sentence. â€Å"I might know one more†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was crazy idea, one I wasn’t sure I should put any real effort toward. â€Å"Who?† asked Cody. I shook my head and drove through the entrance of our next state park. â€Å"It’s a long story, one I’m going to have to work on.† Our third stop yielded nothing either, save an inability for Peter to get sand out of his boots. It had started raining by that point, and even my mood was down by then. Sunset was still a couple of hours away, but the overcast sky was effectively killing our light. Glancing at my watch, I saw that the dance lesson was looming, so we turned north and headed back to Seattle. I dropped the vampires off at their apartment and then drove home to get ready. My closet’s dress selection seemed old and tired, but I had no new fashions to magically summon. So, I opted for a sleeveless minidress with a bright pattern of orange, green, and black flowers that had been blurred together like a water-color painting. It was a bit shorter than it should have been for a dance with this much movement, but the colors seemed suitable and cheerful on a day like this. It also seemed cold, though, and on impulse, I added black thigh-high stockings to keep my legs warm. Between that, black heels, and dark lipstick, I seemed to be channeling my succubus self more than my mild-mannered bookstore manager self. Of course, considering the whore wear I’d shown up in a week or so ago, this was kind of tame. Doug naturally still teased me about it, though deep down inside, I knew he thought I looked hot. I took a smug satisfaction in knowing I’d done it without any shape-shifting. Plus, I’d practically burned my hair off trying to flat iron it tonight. I dared anyone to accuse me of frizziness. Maddie was ecstatic, and her enthusiasm spread to those among the staff who’d decided to stay after closing for the lesson. A few of their friends had shown up as well, giving us around a dozen. It was a good, manageable size. We cleared space upstairs, and I set up my portable CD player. Cody had helped me teach swing before, but I hadn’t thought to enlist his assistance this time. Instead, I used Doug as my demo. Maybe it was part of being a musician, but he had a solid sense of rhythm and could pick up moves really quickly. A half-hour in, I trusted him enough to start assisting others, and we split up to work with some of our students. Despite my hesitation in agreeing to the lesson, I had fun, and most people were so nervous about touching their manager that I didn’t have to worry about anyone hurting my back. Maddie, enthusiastic or not, was having a bit of trouble and complained loudly when her brother came in to help her. He swept her away, leaving me with her former dance partner: Seth. I’d known he was here, of course, but I’d been trying to avoid eye contact. There was no good way around it now, and we stood there awkwardly, eyeing each other, neither of us certain what to do. You read "Succubus Heat CHAPTER 19" in category "Essay examples" Autopilot kicked in, and I held my hands out to him. I was the teacher here, and since he was one of the worst dancers on the floor, it was only natural that he’d need my help more than others. Seth held up his hands in return, and as I took a step forward, my heel snagged on the carpet. I knelt down to check, thinking it would be pretty embarrassing to trip and fall when I was the alleged model of grace and balance here. Glancing up, I met Seth’s eyes. He was looking down at me, and his face was no longer shy or confused. His expression was considering and†¦well, hungry. Looking down, I suddenly realized the view I was offering up. He was able to see right into the heart of my cleavage, which was already considerably exposed by the dress’s low neckline. From kneeling, my skirt had ridden up, showing off the black lace top of one of my thigh-highs. I don’t know what in particular he found the most alluring, but his gaze raked across my body, and everywhere it touched, heat swept me. I rose, suddenly feeling like the shy and awkward one. Desire was written all over him, and it was a wonder the entire room didn’t notice. He extended his hands again, and when we touched, electricity shot through my body. Finding the beat, I led him into the steps. He was every bit as bad as I remembered, yet as I worked to guide him in the right moves, our bodies brushing together out of necessity, I couldn’t help but think that while his dance rhythm might be lacking, there’d been nothing uncoordinated about the way he made love. Neither of us spoke for a minute or so, and I was sure he was caught up in the same physical spell as me, probably reliving our encounter from yesterday as well. My arousal was growing too, and wrong as I knew it was, I actually went out of my way to make sure we occasionally touched as I guided his body. Finally, sexually charged or not, I couldn’t help but laugh. â€Å"I think this is the worst I’ve ever seen you dance,† I told him. â€Å"And believe me, that’s saying something.† He smiled ruefully, but I suspected dancing was the last thing on his mind right now. â€Å"I’m out of practice.† â€Å"Well, I’m glad you’re actually here this time, instead of sitting on the sidelines.† â€Å"Things change, I guess.† I held his eyes for a few moments. â€Å"Yes. Yes, they do.† A few more moments of silence passed before he asked, â€Å"How’s your immortal, um, situation going?† â€Å"Hmm?† Seth’s hand had come within millimeters of brushing against my breast when we turned. Sternly, I chastised myself to forget about the way his body had felt-and looked and smelled and tasted-yesterday and remember my other problems. â€Å"Oh, well. Not so great, actually. I got some more info, except it’s hard to-â€Å" When I fell silent, Seth tilted his head and gave me a puzzled look. â€Å"What?† I’d forgotten the idea that I’d briefly hinted at to the vampires. â€Å"Seth†¦I have a strange question to ask you†¦and you can feel free to say no.† The look on his face still seemed to say he wanted to rip my clothes off, but there was something else†¦something serious and concerned that made sweet, sentimental feelings mingle with my own lust. â€Å"If there’s anything I can do to help, I will.† â€Å"I know,† I said. â€Å"Except this isn’t exactly your help†¦it’s Kayla’s.† If Seth had been doing any semblance of dancing now, he might have stumbled and missed a beat. As it was, it was kind of hard to tell the difference. â€Å"Kayla?† His four-year-old niece’s name was clearly not what he’d been expecting to hear. â€Å"Do you remember when I said she had psychic powers?† â€Å"Yeah†¦but I didn’t really think much of it.† â€Å"Well, I told you the logistics of summoning, right? Now I’ve got a lead on where Jerome is but not how to find him once we’re in the right spot. I could do it if I was back to normal, or a psychic might be able to do it. Unfortunately, my usual ones aren’t easily accessible.† Worry was rapidly dominating over desire now. I was sad to see the arousal leave him, but this was a serious topic. â€Å"I’m not sure I like the idea of Kayla getting mixed up in any of this. In fact, I know I don’t like it.† I nodded. â€Å"I know. I figured you’d feel that way-believe me, I don’t like it either.† I loved all of Seth’s nieces, but Kayla in particular always tugged at my heartstrings. â€Å"Just something that crossed my mind earlier.† â€Å"Well, I-ah!† Another couple slammed into my back, shoving me forward into his arms. My hands reached out to catch myself, but it didn’t stop our bodies from pressing together. Every part of me tingled at that contact, and if I’d had any remaining delusions that I could forget about what we’d done yesterday, they shattered for good now. â€Å"Sorry,† said Andy. He was dancing with Casey, and like her, he was a longtime staff member. Casey groaned. â€Å"Georgina, please take him. Even Seth can’t be that bad.† â€Å"Debatable,† I murmured. I didn’t want to move, didn’t want to break my hold with Seth. I wanted to stay there and keep touching him, and because of that very impulse, I stepped back. My breathing was heavy, and it took me a moment to gather myself. I drew in one more deep breath and grinned at Andy. â€Å"Okay. Let’s see what we can do with you.† Casey led Seth away, and I managed to avoid him for the rest of the dance lesson. When it wrapped up, everyone clapped in my honor and demanded I teach a follow-up. I assured them I would, but I was too flustered and preoccupied to settle on a date right now. I promised to get back to them later. Several of them immediately jumped in to put the room back together, and seeing no further reason to stay, I hurried off to my office. My plan was to check up on some of the paperwork and hide out until everyone was gone so that I wouldn’t have to see Seth again. I was half-way down the hall when I heard someone call my name. â€Å"Georgina?† I halted. It was Maddie. I turned, hoping the smile on my face looked neither fake nor panicked. Fuck. She was here to bust me for cozying up with her boyfriend on the dance floor. And honestly, it was no more than I deserved. But her face was all smiles and good cheer as she handed me a stack of papers. â€Å"I went kind of crazy,† she said sheepishly, â€Å"but these are some condo listings I printed for you. I’ve been searching online the last couple of days and kind of looked at everything since you still weren’t one hundred percent sure of what you wanted. Got a lot of good hits by the beach.† I took the stack from her, stunned. This was the last thing I’d expected. â€Å"It’s probably overkill, but it should give you a lot to look at. Then, if you get some ideas, we can go on from there.† I glanced down at the top sheet, displaying a three-bedroom condo out on Alki. â€Å"I†¦wow. Thank you, Maddie. You shouldn’t have.† She beamed at my thanks. â€Å"Happy to. Let me know what you think-and thanks again for the lesson. It was so much fun! Hopefully I’ll be less horrible next time. Maybe I can get Seth to practice at home.† She gave me a quick hug and then hurried off to catch a ride with Doug. I trudged to my office, papers in hand, and set them on my desk. I collapsed into the chair, feeling horrible. While I’d been out doing bad, wicked things with her boyfriend, she’d been working diligently to find me a new home. I tried hard after that to browse some spreadsheets, but my heart wasn’t in it. I mostly stared at numbers without really comprehending them, and when a knock came at the door, I welcomed the distraction. I jumped up from my chair. â€Å"Come in.† I wondered if Maddie had forgotten to give me another ream. But it wasn’t her. Seth stood in the doorway. I stared, hoping my mouth hadn’t dropped open or anything embarrassing like that. â€Å"What†¦what are you doing here? I thought you left.† He looked as though he wanted to step inside but was afraid to. â€Å"Doug took Maddie home, and I came back to†¦to get†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stopped and shook his head, unable to continue with a lie about having forgotten something. â€Å"I came back to see you.† I remembered the way his eyes had watched my body, the smoke in them when the skirt had ridden up my leg. That same smokiness was there now, and I felt my own body’s desire flare up in response. Really, though, after the way we’d touched while dancing, the desire had never really left me. Nonetheless, I tried to be reasonable. â€Å"Seth, we can’t†¦not again†¦it’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I know,† he said. At last, he crossed the threshold. â€Å"And I told myself†¦told myself I’d let it go†¦but I haven’t stopped thinking about you since yesterday. And after tonight.† Hesitantly, as though afraid someone might be lurking, he shut the door behind him. â€Å"Just the way you looked out there. It was†¦amazing. Believe me, I didn’t screw up dancing because I’m bad at it-which I am. It’s because I wasn’t thinking about it at all. I was thinking about you. God, I couldn’t stop. And it’s not just how sexy you are tonight. It was more. It was the way you lit up the room, the way you charmed everyone and made them happy. You don’t need any special powers to do that, Georgina. It’s just in you, part of who you are. How funny you are, how smart. It’s what made me fall in love you back then, and it’s what†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He didn’t finish, and I was glad. If he had said â€Å"†¦makes me love you now,† I wouldn’t have been able to handle it. I noticed that he’d moved a lot closer. I took a deep breath. â€Å"It would have been easier on me if you said you just thought I was sexy.† Shallowness I could handle. Not this emotional depth. He gave a rueful smile and stepped even closer so that we were only a couple feet apart. â€Å"Oh, believe me, I do. And it would be a lot easier on me if you weren’t.† I could scarcely breathe. We were so close now, and every atom in the room felt charged. I felt charged. There was no mistaking the look on his face. He wanted me too-badly. Lust and desire spilled off him, and I knew my own face mirrored those feelings. He was careful, though, standing as close as he dared, waiting for my signal. There was a tension to him, like it would only take one small sign from me for him to explode. Desperately, I tried to grasp a hold of everything reasonable that I knew. I remembered how miserable I’d felt when he left to go see Maddie yesterday. Hell, I tried to think of Maddie herself-that cheerful, guileless face that trusted me so much. I tried to think of Dante. None of that worked, though, because all that was in my head was Seth, how perfect it had felt being with him. How perfect it felt being with him even now. Reaching out, I took his hand and brought it up to my collarbone. It was all he needed. He stepped closer and traced the lines of my neck, then moved down to my shoulder. He pushed the dress’s strap so that it slid down my arm. His fingers followed it, pulling it farther so that the top of my dress fell forward, revealing most of my breast. My nipple was already hard and ready when his hand moved over and pulled the rest of that side of the dress down, completely exposing my breast. He cupped it, squeezing its fullness and running his fingers along the curve. His other hand moved to my other side, cupping that breast and teasing its nipple underneath the dress’s silk. My body pressed closer to his, and our mouths met, hot and intense. Yesterday had been sweet and full of emotion. There was emotion here today, but it was intermingled with raw passion, with an animal instinct that made me wish he’d ravage my body right now. And honestly, that wasn’t too far from what happened. I stumbled from the press of our bodies and found my back pressed-gently-against the wall as he continued caressing my breasts. My hands wrapped around his neck, moving up to half-tangle and half-pull his hair. He finally released my breasts and ran his hands over the length of my body, down my hips and thighs, across the sheer, silky fabric covering my legs. Sliding his hands back up, he pushed my skirt up and slipped one hand under my thigh, so that it wrapped around his waist and kept the dress up. His other hand moved down under my black lace thong panties, probing to see if I was ready. I was. I was warm and wet and slick, and the finger he slipped into me went in so easily that he then tried two, then three. I groaned and arched my back as he moved his fingers in and out of me and his mouth left hard, bruising kisses on my neck. My own hands fumbled down, trying to unfasten his pants. When I’d tugged them and his boxers down, he gripped my hips and turned me around so that I faced the wall. He shoved my skirt back up and tugged my panties halfway down my thighs. I bent over and extended my arms, using my hands to brace myself against the wall. He entered me, forceful and deep, with no buildup or teasing. He was just as hard and long as I remembered, just as wonderful. Steadying his hands on my hips, he thrust roughly into me, desperately trying to sate the need I’d seen in him earlier, the need I shared. I cried out each time he shoved into me, knowing I should be quiet in case someone else had come back to the store. But I couldn’t be. I was too caught up in the out-of-control passion of this moment, in the sinuous, primal lust that had consumed us both. And underscoring all of it was the realization that it was Seth. Seth, Seth, Seth†¦whom I loved more than anyone else. You are the world . He moved his hands up from my hips to cup my breasts, forcing me to readjust my position. All the time, he never broke his rhythm, staying fast and urgent. His fingers pinched my nipples hard, and I cried out louder. I think that turned him on even more, spurring him to thrust harder into me. Hoping to excite him further, I completely gave myself over and let go of any restraint with my voice. The louder I moaned, the more his body pounded into mine. It was all I could do to keep myself from getting pressed against the wall, and as I moaned over and over, it had nothing to do with arousing him and everything to do with the ecstatic and exquisite force of what we were doing. And when I finally came, the heat between my thighs building to an unbearable high, it was his name I screamed. A surge of new wetness came with my orgasm, and then I heard him groan and give a thrust so hard that it did shove me against the wall. His hands still clenched my breasts, his nails digging into my tender flesh, as he shuddered and took his release. He came for a long time, his low cry slowly fading. When he pulled out, the loss of him in my body made me feel incomplete. Nonetheless, I straightened up and leaned against the wall, gasping to catch my breath. My voice was hoarse. â€Å"Jesus,† I said. â€Å"That was bad.† Seth looked startled-and then hurt. â€Å"Bad?† â€Å"No, not performance bad-more like dirty, wicked bad. The kind of stuff that gets an R rating.† â€Å"What, we can’t do that?† He stepped forward and wrapped his arms around my waist, nuzzling my neck. â€Å"Well, yeah†¦er, well, damn it. We’re not supposed to be. Not at all. It’s just that last time, it was like†¦I don’t know. It was making love. This time it was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Fucking?† he supplied. â€Å"Oh God,† I groaned. â€Å"Seth Mortensen just said ‘fucking’ out loud. The end times are near.† He laughed and placed tiny kisses over my cheek. â€Å"I’m not some innocent. You should know that from my books.† â€Å"Yeah, but still. You aren’t O’Neill. Unless you’re getting into fistfights that I don’t know about.† â€Å"Mmm†¦not lately.† We stood there in each other’s arms, both warm in the afterglow of what we’d done. Then, just like last time, a strange awkwardness began to grow. We didn’t even need Maddie calling now. I carefully pulled away. â€Å"You should probably go, huh?† I didn’t say it, but I was certain he’d be seeing her later. â€Å"Yeah, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He sighed and rubbed his forehead. â€Å"This is a lot harder than I thought it would be.† â€Å"What, having an illicit and cheap affair?† He grimaced. â€Å"No. But I mean, I’ve spent ages imagining what it’d be like to be with you and wishing you weren’t a succubus. I was always down on myself†¦I felt so shallow to be consumed by sex like that. And now that it’s finally happened-now that you aren’t a succubus-it’s not superficial or shallow at all. It’s so†¦I don’t know. It’s powerful. I wish this was an illicit, cheap affair. I wish I didn’t feel this so deeply. Otherwise, when we said yesterday was it, it really would have been it.† I wished then, more than anything, that he’d say he was going to leave Maddie and we could be together again. He didn’t, though, and I certainly wasn’t going to bring it up. Besides, what good would it do? In only a few more days, I’d be back to normal, and our relationship would be as dysfunctional as before. What I wanted was pointless. â€Å"Can I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He took a deep breath. â€Å"Can I see you again? I know we said no more†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I knew that by â€Å"see you again† he meant â€Å"have sex with you again.† And somehow, I realized we were on a precipice here. The first time had been†¦well, not accidental†¦but certainly unexpected. This time had been an out-of-control animal lust. But now? An open declaration of this affair-premeditated sex-it took things to a whole new level. There was no going back. I studied those eyes I loved, the warm and gentle lips. I assessed my body, how it ached yet still burned with pleasure. Then I glanced over at Maddie’s painstakingly researched real estate packet. That should have been my mood killer, my warning. It was a reminder of who we were both betraying here. Seth had given in, but though I was on the verge, I could still pull back and save us from this. I had the power to say no. â€Å"Yes,† I said at last. â€Å"You can see me again.† How to cite Succubus Heat CHAPTER 19, Essay examples

Philosophy Davide Hume Essay Example For Students

Philosophy Davide Hume Essay Humes LifeDavid Hume was the son of a minor Scottish landowner. His family wanted him to become a lawyer, but he felt an insurmountable resistance to everything but philosophy and learning. Mr. Hume attended Edinburgh University, and in 1734 he moved to a French town called La Fleche to pursue philosophy. He later returned to Britain and began his literary career. As Hume built up his reputation, he gained more and more political power. Humes PhilosophyHUMES WRITINGS In 1742, Hume wrote Essays Moral and Political. Then in 1748, he wrote An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding and An Enquiry Concerning the Principals of Morals. WORKS ON INTERNET: ? Go HERE for a list of electronically available works of hume. ? Go HERE For a bigger list. HUMES BELIEFS Hume believed that all knowledge came from experience. He also believed that a persons experiences existed only in the persons mind. Hume believed that there was a world outside of human conscience, but he did not think this could be p roved. Hume grouped perceptions and experiences into one of two categories: impressions and ideas. Ideas are memories of sensations claimed Hume, but impressions are the cause of the sensation. In other words, an impression is part of a temporary feeling, but an idea is the permanent impact of this feeling. Hume believed that ideas were just dull imitations of impressons. Hume also attacked the idea of casualty. This idea states that for all effects there is a cause. Hume said that even though the cause preceded the effect, there is no proof that the cause is responsible for the effects occurence. Mr. Hume was a firm believer that the human mind invented nothing. Instead, he claimed, the human mind takes simple ideas, and turns them into complex ideas. A simple example of this is the idea of an angel. Angels are human figures with wings. What Hume claimed that an angel is formed of two simple ideas, the human figure and wings. A more complicated example of this is heaven. When we at tempt to break down the concept of heaven into simple ideas, we are left with things such as pearly gates, angels, and golden palaces. But these are all complex ideas as well (pearls+gates, gold+palaces), so it could be said that heaven is a complex idea formed by other complex ideas. The complex ideas that form it, however, are all made up of simple ideasHume, David (1711-1776), Scottish historian and philosopher, who influenced the development of skepticism and empiricism, two schools of philosophy. Born in Edinburgh, Hume was educated at the University of Edinburgh, which he entered at the age of 12. From 1734 to 1737 he wrote his most important philosophical work, A Treatise of Human Nature (3 volumes, published 1739-1740), which contains the essence of his thinking. In spite of its importance, this work was ignored by the public, probably because of its complex style. From 1762 to 1765 Hume served as secretary to the British ambassador in Paris. There he formed a friendship wit h French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau, which later dissolved after public denunciations between the two men. We will write a custom essay on Philosophy Davide Hume specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Humes philosophical position was that reason and rational judgments are merely habitual associations of distinct sensations or experiences. In a revolutionary step, he rejected the basic idea of causation, maintaining that reason can never show us the connexion of one object with another, tho aided by experience, and the observation of their conjunction in all past instances. His arguments called into question the fundamental laws of science, which are based on the premise that one event necessarily causes another and predictably always will. According to Humes philosophy, therefore, knowledge of matters of fact is impossible, although as a practical matter he freely acknowledged that people had to think in terms of cause and effect and had to assume the validity of their perceptions, or they would go mad. .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 , .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .postImageUrl , .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 , .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8:hover , .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8:visited , .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8:active { border:0!important; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8:active , .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8 .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a618e944b4a6e2849f70df0b81fb9b8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christianity and HIV EssayDavid Hume, who has been described as the most acute thinker in Britain in the eighteenth century, was born in Edinburgh. His intellectual powers were recognised with the publication of his Essays, Moral and Political in two volumes in 1741 and 1742. Employed as librarian to the Faculty of Advocates in Edinburgh, he wrote a six- volume History of England which was extremely popular and admired for its elegant and lucid style. It placed him in the first rank of historians. In France in 1763, Hume found himself lionised in the salons of Paris, honoured by royalty and regarded as a leading figure of the Scottish Enlightenment. Good natured, an engagi ng mix of simplicity and shrewdness, Hume was on friendly terms with virtually everyone. His free-thinking did, however, scandalise some: it is recorded that a devout old woman, having found the corpulent philosopher hopelessly stuck in some deep mud, agreed to extricate the great man only if he recited the Apostles Creed and the Lords Prayer. Hume, who never married, had several homes in Edinburgh, the last of them in what is today St David Street. His tomb is in the Old Calton, Waterloo Place. Hume was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He studied law at Edinburgh, and in 1734 went to La Fleche in Anjou, where he wrote his masterpiece, A Treatise of Human Nature (1740). He extended the empiricist ideas of Locke and Berkeley. Hume developed a philosophy of radical scepticism. He repudiated the possibility of certain knowledge, maintaining that what we know is based solely on a series of sensations, and that all deductions from experience were the result of habit, not of logical conclusio n. Later he wrote several essays on Moral, Politics and Religion, and a six-volume History of England (175462). His views inspired Kant to argue for the inadequacy of empiricism. Empiricism = knowledge by experience. 1711-76, Scottish philosopher and historian. Hume carried the EMPIRICISM of LOCKE and George BERKELEY to the logical extreme of radical SKEPTICISM. He repudiated the possibility of certain knowledge, finding in the mind nothing but a series of sensations, and held that cause-and-effect in the natural world derives solely from the conjunction of two impressions. Humes skepticism is also evident in his writings on religion, in which he rejected any rational or natural theology. Besides his chief work, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), he wrote Political Discourses (1752), The Natural History of Religion (1755), and a History of England (1754-62) that was, despite errors of fact, the standard work for many years.

The Writing Of The Constitution Essays (255 words) -

The Writing of the Constitution On July 2, 1776, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and Thomas Jefferson finished the final draft of their Declaration of Independence. Two days later, on July 4, delegates from the Continental Congress passed the declaration unanimously. The declaration contained a basic but integral principle which is important even today, and justified the independence movement for the newly formed United States of America. The preamble to the declaration established a small but vital principle that "whenever any form of government becomes destructive...it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it." This principle has continued to be significant to the United States because it gives every citizen the right to question the government and to actually do something about it. The second part of the declaration consisted of a list of justifications for departing from the British Empire. Some major justifications which were listed are: "He[King George III] has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance," quartering "large bodies of armed troops" among people in the New world and for "imposing taxes on us without our consent." Finally the Continental Congress began the process of applying these principles when the declaration was adopted on July 4, 1776. After this, the Congress sent the document to the printer. Then, by the end of 1776, independent governments were functioning in every state except Georgia and New York. Each new state government had three branches: an executive branch, a legislature, and a court system. Most state constitutions guaranteed certain inalienable rights that the governments could not take away.

How to Cite an Article in MLA Format Correctly

How to Cite an Article in MLA Format Correctly Citing an article MLA is obligatory if you want to submit the original academic paper. People, who tend to know how to cite an article MLA, may find it useful to check the meaning of MLA. This is special formatting and quotations style. Various modern writers, college students and famous experts who perform writing papers and organize mentioned sources use it. It concerns mostly works in humanitarian and liberal arts fields. MLA allows writing down every source of information with details, including correct title of published materials, date and year of print edition’s publishing, the name of the author, website address if dealing with online sources. Web publications contain a lot of important information. Citing online materials do not include page specification, it has strict guidelines standards ordinarily printed editions have. Citing MLA requires attention and time. Quotations Guidelines and Standards MLA guidelines standards include a number of requirements for proper references. With various types of resources like books, journals, newspapers, websites, movies, videos, numerous media posts tweets, a single citing structure is crucial for proper academic paper’s completing. Writers work with two main types of citations. Quotes are listed in alphabetic order by author’s name with additional information interesting for readers. Order MLA Paper The main two citations’ types are following: Regular quotes. Complete quotes. Complete quotations are placed at the end of written papers, conducted research projects, and remain final credentials. MLA style mostly contains regular quotations. The entire reference includes author’s name, printed or online material version, publisher’s name, date of publishing, address (URL or page range) where to find original files. Additional information may be added into regular reference. Another popular and broadly used kind of reference is a parenthetical citation that is included in the body part of research project. The text of parenthetical quote contains useful details for readers with the exact number of pages and additional information. Online materials require proper quoting style. It is easy to place reference, with no need to mark unimportant details like a city where information was published and other familiar facts. To submit good college or university paper or research project, every writer needs to provide the exact address of source mentioned for readers’ grander convenience. It allows gaining quick access to wanted records. Updated records are reachable. Advanced Guide for MLA Style Writing good academic works requires excellent formatting style, the uniqueness of writings and lack of mistakes mix-ups. Proper modern ways to cite article are obligatory. Talented writers use numerous up-to-day sources. Select related contemporary articles in journals, newspapers and book notes, published about a month ago. The Internet is full of familiar posts.   The informative virtual posts offer numerous useful examples of popular MLA, APA formats. Follow the next tips to cite accessed sources: Use numerous quotes for better illustration of the analyzed issue, fill the main text with own thoughts and ideas; Cited records and information must be quoted closely to the original source with same phrases, words; You can break up a quote with own writing and personal notes if needed; Proper references structuring needs to be established. Numerous online databases offer various records. Working with virtual sources, you face the need  to specify volumes, chapters, pages ora huge list of other minor details. Various online companies provide formatting services. It allows providing a perfect final paper, with numbers of background data used in a research project with an aim to assure proper bibliography list. Academic writing lacks of appropriate guidelines. All rules and standards are obligatory. It is possible to type requested format details into search machine hoping to find the best writing instructions with specifics and explanations. Authors put in-text quotations into proper order. Academic Writing and Proper Reference Style Students face numerous problems formatting own academic papers. Final works need to follow tutor’s recommendations; check every quote is mentioned according to public copyright law. Even a single word matters. Start proofreading a completed paper with requested configuration, which appears multitasking complicated process. It is convenient to type every quote accurately when writing paper or research project. An entire list of credentials requests additional checking. Get A+ Grade Paper The ordinary process of college or university article completing includes the following stages: Writing an article due to tutor’s recommendations. Numerous review, editing proofreading. Performing a list of used materials (printed and online) in alphabetic order, focusing on proper up-to-day citations’ organization. It is important to follow agreed standards guidelines. If assigned academic task requires ensuing certain formatting style, the author needs to perform an article, cite data, records, facts according to chosen quotation style. Scholarly articles are cited in Turabian and Chicago. Focusing on formatting style, students can forget that mentioned data, records, facts need to be checked few times, with all slashes and commas tested. Add important facts like the title of published company, web location of the online source, magazine’s title if requested. Make short notes. You will use them to assure an entire list of records is properly organized and every quote’s original source can be easily found.   Dealing with best tips guides on how to cite an article MLA, confirm to follow instructions rigorously. It is important for your paper final grade. Updated MLA Citation Style Guidelines MLA guidelines to cite articles were changing a lot during past decades. Students use up-to-day eighth edition. This new improved version allows organizing various sorts of materials (records, facts, figures, data) into a single approved citation structure. Modern MLA references format allows citing any sort of modern materials (print and online): books and edited books’ chapters; print and online scholarly journals; print and online newspapers; movies and television shows; YouTube videos; Tweets and images; print magazines print; essays and interviews; PDF files and textbooks. MLA citations format is perfect for information and data. Following agreed modern standards guidelines, it is easy to cite any article completing original and flawless academic paper.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case Study Example Every year Pat Waller needed to recruit sales representatives. The turnover of the employees and new recruitments did not increase the sales volume. Despite the recruitment of new sales representative employees, the sales volume remained constant. There was problem in the channel of distribution related to the retention of sales representatives, which was under the control of Valley Winery. When Valley Winery took over the distributor, old sales representative did not stay back and Pat Waller needed to recruit fresh sales representative for that particular distribution channel. With the recruitment of new sales representatives, there were costs associated with it. It also included cost of hiring the employees, consultancy fees for new candidates and training cost. The recruitment cost had to be incurred by the organization every year and the training cost also increased. The problem perceived by Pat Waller was related to the hiring process. Pat Waller thought that the hiring process was not appropriate as it was a lengthy process and was also complicated in nature. This lowered the level of recruitment of potential sales representatives. Cause of the Problems Faced by Pat Waller The cause behind high sales representative turnover was due to multifarious factors. The basic reason for the turnover was inefficient management of sales forces. Pat Waller was not able to manage the sales personnel efficiently which led to huge turnover. Sales persons remain in the organization only when they are rewarded appropriately based upon their performance. Most of them accept monetary reward, but there are also many who accept non-monetary rewards such as reorganization, promotion and other related activities of rewarding system. There was absence of such rewarding system in Valley Winery. There were three groups of sales personnel and they had different kinds of system of pay and incentives. The direct sales personnel were not rewarded, only 6% commissions were paid on sales . Sales personnel who generated highest sales were also provided the same facility of commission pay. This is the reason they shifted to another company or another sector. The unethical practice of Valley Winery in the matter of visual merchandise displayed techniques that were not suitable to the sales personnel or they did not accept it. In addition, it was either against their ethics or there was contradiction between the company and sales personnel ethics. The spray technique on competitors merchandise to decrease their sales was unethical practice. The sales representatives required to perform such activities that might not be ethical to that particular sales representative. The recruitment did not assist in increasing the sales volume because there was more turnover and the recruitment had just replaced the personnel. There was actually no increase in the workforce capacity and it was not expected that there would be huge increase in volumes of sales with the fresh sales repre sentative. The decision of forward integration was not appropriate as the sales representative did not remain in the company. This also affected the control related to the distribution channel. These aspects increased the burden of new recruitment and also training them for that particular distribution channel. The cost of hiring and training the employees for sales was more. The hiring cost was part of the budget every year. This increased the cost and to minimize the

Ethical Pitfalls in Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Pitfalls in Negotiation - Essay Example As lying holds risk as well as ethical issues, it should be eradicated from the negotiation strategies. However, lying depends on the values, culture and situation. A lie may be accepted in Poker business but may be not acceptable in some other business. Therefore, depending on different situations and cultures the extent to which misrepresentation and lying is deemed is acceptable. Though, discretion in making statements and claims should not be perplexed with misrepresentation. A negative commitment is another pitfall in negotiation, to prove credibility, every commitment made should be executed. It is irrational to harm ones self interest in order to hurt the opposite party. The statements of these types are generally made when one is under stress and through negative emotions. Taking an over belligerent stand very early in negotiation can turn off the opposite negotiator. Therefore, others should be allowed to open negotiation or one should practice to tone down opening statements or positions. A commitment to a process is a significant requirement. The situation is made worse, if there is failure to assert the position. As it forces the opposite negotiator to compete till the resistance is met. ... It is viewed as a war that is unfavourable to achieve the integrative prospective in most of the negotiation circumstances. Therefore, there is a need to develop listening skills and communicate clearly. If there is valid argument it needs to be addressed or at least rebutted. One should not close off to the attempts made by the other negotiator to be persuaded (Bucaro, Frank). Ethical aspects of negotiation in today's globalization It is a time of encompassed values and ethics, and there is quite a lot of stress on the importance of values and ethics in day to day life. Therefore, taking personal responsibility, ethical behaviour and ethics play an even more significant role in the present business world and globalization. In any business the question of what is of good for others, be it employees, customers, family or such other relation takes priority over ones desires and needs. Generally ego takes preference over good relationship building and ethical business practices. Ego can harm and disrupt true services. Therefore, while working the job should be strived to make a difference in other people's lives that is for the common good of the people. In simple words an ethical balance should be maintained and the central factor should be focused on others priorities. Before considering a decision, the concept of common good is of utmost importance a simple question such as what can one do to get the other coop erate can go a long way in giving precedence to other peoples needs, feelings and concerns. Business sometimes demands to be focused narrowly. On certain times ones approach alone seems to be the best approach. However, it is essential that there are people around who can give invaluable advice to know whether one is doing what

National Health Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

National Health Services - Essay Example The researcher states that most of the services provided by National Health Services or NHS are free. It is funded by the money raised through taxes. The payments made under National Insurance are also utilized for the funding of its health services. In view of the recent budget cuts announced by the government, there will be an impact on taxation. This will lower the fund availability of the NHS as it is mainly dependent on taxation for discharging free health services. Therefore it is important that it identifies alternative sources of funding or it will face the problem of scarce resources in the future. NHS receives a significant chunk of the total budget allocated for the Department of Health. Out of the  £94 billion amount allocated for this Department the NHS received nearly  £92.5 billion in the year 2008-09. The Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) are the principal fund holders of NHS and they distribute funds to the system on a contract basis or at a tariff agreed upon. NHS appl ies charges on prescriptions of adults. Apart from this, they also charge money for dentistry and optician services. Most of the costs of the system are funded by taxes, implying that the contributions from UK taxpayers comprise most of its funding. NHS receives money from dentistry as well as optical services. The dentistry charges on examination at NHS as on April 2009 was  £16.50,  £45.60 for extraction or filling and  £198 was charged for other complex procedures.

Social Housing Policy

Social Housing Policy In their article ‘Welfare Safety Net or Tenure of Choice? The Dilemma Facing Social Housing Policy In England, Fitzpatrick and Pawson (2007) explain and reflect upon the changing environment of social housing in England. This essay will provide a summary of the article before analysing the position of social housing in Scotland compared to that described in England. Key similarities and differences between the two countries with regard to social housing will be provided with evidence from the current literature. Finally, the conclusion will attempt to assess if the positions of social housing are really that different in Scotland and England. The key questions asked by Fitzpatrick and Pawson (2007) are: who and what is social housing for? Through an analysis of the past 30 years and a description of the current social housing policy in England, the article explores the question of access. The underlying paradox of future policy and therefore access to social housing in England is explained as the â€Å"continuing commitment to the ‘safety net role† emphasised in the 2000 Housing Green Paper and the â€Å"explicit ambition† to provide a more mixed ‘tenure of choice thus widening the possible market. Fitzpatrick and Pawson refer to the work of Stephens et al to define the key element of social housing as a question of access â€Å"determined on the basis of ‘administrative criteria rather than just ‘pricing rationing. They then go on to describe the changing environment of social housing in England, housing associations increasing share of stock, the falling number of rented properties in general and the change of age structure within the sector as important factors. The history of the ‘needs-based allocation systems using the development of objective point scoring prioritisation is explained as the progressive orthodoxy of the 20th Century which still remains prevalent in todays legislation and guidance. A concise case against needs-based allocation is then provided with the key points including residualisation and the coercive nature of such a system leading to points chasing behavior. This background provides an excellent backdrop for the changes that occurred in the late 1990s when â€Å"the standard ‘take it or leave it social housing allocations model became increasingly difficult to defend in light of rising aspirations and expectations of consumer choice† (Mullins Pawson, 2005, p138). Choice-Based Letting (CBL) Schemes are provided as current government response to develop and open up the sector by placing more emphasis on the customers choice, and as a means of encouragement for otherwise unsuitable or unwilling participants in social housing. Initial findings show that vulnerable groups are not being excluded by the new system although there are certainly questions around the suitability and impact of a more choice led approachs effects on the poorest. In considering the position of Social Housing in Scotland, the social housing sector in Britain has historically been centralised and therefore genuine variation in policy and practice has been limited. However, devolution and the enactment of legislation to set up the Scottish Parliament have led to the opportunity for divergence within both (Walker et al, 2003, p177). Let us now consider some of the similarities and differences within the Scottish and English social housing sector as described by Fitzpatrick and Pawson. It is important to mention here that it is impossible to detail all of the similarities and differences and therefore only the most clear and important have been chosen for this discussion. There has been a global move towards private housing provision in government policy and therefore it is unsurprising that there are clear similarities between the English context described by Fitzpatrick and Pawson and the Scottish context. An important similarity is that housing has risen on the agenda and has been revived in both England and Scotland (Stirling Smith, 2003), this may be due to its importance in addressing and meeting new evolving community needs in todays societies when so much emphasis is placed on home ownership and stability. Another similarity is that both Scotland and England are facing a crossroads (CIH, 2006) as the purposes of their social housing sector differ from those in the 20th Century. The CIH, (2007) describes this crossroads as a choice to either continue providing for the housing needs of the most vulnerable or diversify to meet some of the wider needs of the community with a range of tenure options. This is exactly the same situation described by Fitzpatrick and Pawson which resulted in the CBL schemes in England. Finally, and key to the need for an evaluation of housing policy, is the changing demographic whom it is serving. Fitzpatrick and Pawson state that in England more than a quarter of all council tenants in 2003/2004 were at least 70 years old whilst in Scotland, single pensioners are the most common type of household found in the sector (CIH, 2006). According to statistics, this will change in future years, as the next generation is largely a home owning population who will not need the support of social housing. Both sectors are facing an increase of younger people as the new entrants into social housing and with that come new needs and mobility patterns. Fitzpatrick and Pawson state that commonly older renters â€Å"will have lived in the sector their whole lives, their low propensity for mobility stabilizing their local neighborhoods and tenure as a whole†. This will change in both England and Scotland and the possibility of a more transient need in social housing as discussed by Fitzpatrick and Pawson (2007) will be applicable. This development has been criticised as a reinforcement of the view of social housing as solely for the poorest and most vulnerable groups and as a ‘last resort for housing (Glynn, 2007). Adding to this hollowing out of those participating in the sector in both England and Scotland, is th e Right to Buy policy which encourages and supports households who wish to purchase their homes through regulated schemes. The Right to Buy means that the economically able are moving away from social renting, resulting in the poorest and most vulnerable making up larger percentages of the social housing sector (Satsangi and Dunmore 2003, p202 and CIH, 2007, p7). With regard to differences in Scotlands social housing sector, Midwinter et al (1991) state that â€Å"there has been acceptance in Whitehall that Scotlands housing needs are both qualitatively and quantitatively different from Englands† (p92). This is perhaps more evident since the devolution of parliament and in the difference in policies that are now emerging. Only one difference has been selected for this discussion due to its significance. Although the tenant basis of both England and Scotland are changing in similar ways, the starkest difference lies in the allocation process in the social housing sector. In England, as already mentioned, the CBL scheme is being piloted and successes are being reported (Fitzpatrick and Pawson, 2007). However, Scotland is being much more cautious in its approach and is keeping to its rights based traditions (Stirling and Smith 2003, p156). The Homelessness Task Force explain we are concerned that (CBL schemes) do not operate in ways which deny homeless people the opportunity of participating, or in ways which restrict the stock of housing available for homeless people (CHI, 2002). One of the main purposes of CBL schemes is to introduce choice. The Scottish Government is enhancing applicant choice through Common Housing Registers (CHR) that will ensure people have fair and open access to housing lists and assessment processes whilst working with landlords to encourage choice, response to need and the use of stock in lettings (Stirling and Smith 2003, p151). At the same time, the Homelessness Act 2002 removes the duty of authorities in England to have a register at all (Stirling and Smith 2003, p156). Fitzpatrick and Pawson conclude that in England â€Å"whatever the governments ambitions, in high demand areas at least, social renting will remain a ‘safety net tenure catering mainly to those in greatest need.† The social housing allocation policy may differ between England and Scotland but the outcomes here are the same; in essence, the safety net is still available for those who need it most. They further conclude that social renting performs different functions in different areas of England, with the delivery of choice being more successful in the North and Midlands and that this is the â€Å"congenial outcome of these policy endeavors† (Fitzpatrick and Pawson, 2007). Scotland is also being encouraged to diversify its social housing policy in order to widen the target population and bring regeneration to areas suffering from residualisation (Glynn, 2007) and that this will be more appropriate in some areas than in others. Therefore, in conclusion, this essay has attempted to summarise the Fitzpatrick and Pawson (2007) article regarding social housing policy in England, with some key similarities and differences given with regard to Scotland. Although there are significant differences in the social housing sector in England and Scotland, there are also significant similarities; most prominently and importantly is the desire to provide housing to the most vulnerable members of society. References Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH) (2002) ‘Strategic Approaches to Homelessness: A Good Practice Briefing. (Coventry, CIH). Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH) (2006) ‘The future for Social Renting in Scotland. (Coventry, CIH). Fitzpatrick, S. Pawson, H. (2007) ‘Welfare Safety Net or Tenure of Choice? The Dilemma Facing Social Housing Policy in England. Housing Studies, 22, (2) pp.163-182). Glynn, S. (2007) ‘Safe as Houses. Scottish Left Review, Issue 42. http://www.scottishleftreview.org/php/upload/slr-140-I42SG.htm Midwinter, A., Keating, M. Mitchell, J. (1991) Politics and Public Policy in Scotland (Basingstoke, Macmillan). Mullens, D. Pawson, H. (2005) ‘The Land That Time Forgot: reforming access to social housing in England. Policy Politics, 33, pp135-148). Satsangi, M. Dunmore, K. (2003) ‘The planning System and the Provision of Affordable Housing in Rural Britain: A Comparison of the Scottish and English Experience. Housing Studies, 18 (2), pp.201-217). Stephens, M., Burns, N. Mackay, L. (2002) ‘Social Market or Safety Net? British Social Rented Housing in a European Context (Bristol: The Policy Press). Stirling, T. Smith, R. (2003) ‘A Matter of Choice? Policy Divergence in Access to Social Housing Post-devolution. Housing Studies, 18 (2), pp.145-158). Walker, R., Mullins, D. Pawson, H. (2003) ‘Devolution and Housing Association in Great Britain; Enhancing Organizational Accountability Housing. Housing Studies, 18 (2), pp.177-199). Bibliography Chartered Institute of Housing (CHI) (2007) ‘The Future of the Social Housing Sector in Scotland in Delivering Successful, Mixed Communities: CIH in Scotland Position Paper. (Coventry, CIH). Jellinek, D. (2006) ‘Social Housing In Scotland: Tenant Participation and Community Cohesion. (Authority Forum Report, CIVICA).

Diabetes Essay -- Biology Biological Medical Health Essays

Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that "occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the body's energy" (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world' population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6, and the most probable organization of the responsible gene is on a 19-kb region of INS-IGF2, which affects HLA-DR4 IDDM susceptibility. Diabetes Mellitus, was first diagnosed in the year 1000 BC, by the father of Indian medicine, Susrata of the Hindus (Knott, 539). The actual term was coined by Apollonius of Memphis in 230 BC. Like other complex gene disorders, diabetes does not have an identifiable inheritance pattern, although the disease seems to cluster within families (Morwessel, 552). Two different forms of diabetes mellitus exist: Type I and Type II. Type I, formerly known as IDDM or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, affects 10% of diabetics. The remaining 90% are induced with Type II, formerly known as NIDDM or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Nelson et al, 227). Type I diabetes is the most common chronic illness during childhood development, and usually evolves in individuals under the age of 15. The formation of Type I diabetes usually shortens the life span by an average of 10-20 years. While Type I diabetes is the more severe form, Type II diabetes is the more common form. It seems to affect individuals from different ethnic backgrounds, mainly Asian, African, Mexican, an... ...etes (Morwessel 550). Works Cited: Abramovitz, Melissa. Taking Control of Diabetes. Current Health 2. Jan 1999. Vol. 25. Issue 5. 19-22. Dahlquist, G. The aetiology of type I diabetes: an epidemiological perspective. ACTA Paediatr Suppl. 1998. Vol. 425. 5-10. Ebony. Diabetes Copin with a Deadly Disease. Mar 1999. Vol. 54. Issue 5. 115-118. Goyder, Elizabeth and Irwig, Les. Screening for Diabetes: What are we Really Doing? British Medical Journal. Dec 1998. Vol. 317. Issue 7173. 1644-1647. Morwessel, Nancy. The Genetic Basis of Diabetes Mellitus. AACN Clinical Issues. Nov 1998. Vol. 9. No. 4. 539-553. Nelson, Robert, and Everhart, James and Knowler, William, and Bennett, Peter. Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors for Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. June 1998. Vol. 15. Number 2. 227-246. Diabetes Essay -- Biology Biological Medical Health Essays Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that "occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the body's energy" (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world' population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6, and the most probable organization of the responsible gene is on a 19-kb region of INS-IGF2, which affects HLA-DR4 IDDM susceptibility. Diabetes Mellitus, was first diagnosed in the year 1000 BC, by the father of Indian medicine, Susrata of the Hindus (Knott, 539). The actual term was coined by Apollonius of Memphis in 230 BC. Like other complex gene disorders, diabetes does not have an identifiable inheritance pattern, although the disease seems to cluster within families (Morwessel, 552). Two different forms of diabetes mellitus exist: Type I and Type II. Type I, formerly known as IDDM or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, affects 10% of diabetics. The remaining 90% are induced with Type II, formerly known as NIDDM or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Nelson et al, 227). Type I diabetes is the most common chronic illness during childhood development, and usually evolves in individuals under the age of 15. The formation of Type I diabetes usually shortens the life span by an average of 10-20 years. While Type I diabetes is the more severe form, Type II diabetes is the more common form. It seems to affect individuals from different ethnic backgrounds, mainly Asian, African, Mexican, an... ...etes (Morwessel 550). Works Cited: Abramovitz, Melissa. Taking Control of Diabetes. Current Health 2. Jan 1999. Vol. 25. Issue 5. 19-22. Dahlquist, G. The aetiology of type I diabetes: an epidemiological perspective. ACTA Paediatr Suppl. 1998. Vol. 425. 5-10. Ebony. Diabetes Copin with a Deadly Disease. Mar 1999. Vol. 54. Issue 5. 115-118. Goyder, Elizabeth and Irwig, Les. Screening for Diabetes: What are we Really Doing? British Medical Journal. Dec 1998. Vol. 317. Issue 7173. 1644-1647. Morwessel, Nancy. The Genetic Basis of Diabetes Mellitus. AACN Clinical Issues. Nov 1998. Vol. 9. No. 4. 539-553. Nelson, Robert, and Everhart, James and Knowler, William, and Bennett, Peter. Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors for Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. June 1998. Vol. 15. Number 2. 227-246.

TUBA: A Waray Heritage

They drink a lot of these because of its effects that can make them high or drunk and makes them forget their problems. Not only problematic people do these, but also those people who want to have fun, not knowing the effects that will happen to some parts of their body of drinking too much of it. Too much intake of these liquors can cause kidney cancer which makes it more expensive when it comes to treatment. This illness won't happen if they choose the right liquor to drink. In Visas, Wary people, who live in Samara-Letter have their own product called Tuba or in English, Coconut Red Wine.It's much cheaper than the there branded liquors because it's easily made and local, but, it gives health benefits to the drinker and can also make a person drunk and healthy. Tuba is among the best wines in the world which provides multiple wine benefits that our body can get. They also have this tradition in Visas wherein Warranty's used to drink Tuba every Sunday as a reward to their hard work during weekdays. They call it Domingo. In Luzon, it is known as Lambing but in Visas, it is known as Tuba, Ball or Balling and the only thing which makes the two of them different is the color and the mixture.In the Visas region, particularly in Letter and Samara, the Tuba is called Coconut Red Wine because of its color; it is red in color because it is mixed with Bark (a Mangrove tree that is reddish in color). On the other hand, the Tuba in Luzon is called Coconut Vodka and it is Just a pure sap and no Bark mixed in it and is almost colorless and sometimes milky white in color. Wars are producing a lot of good quality tuba, ball, and balling. Tuba or Coconut Wine has been in the lives of many Filipinos for a long-time now. It has been drunk by their ancestors before the Spaniards came.Today, we have indulged ourselves in the internationally acclaimed liquors like gins, vodkas, rums and the popular beer. This, however, depends if one can stomach such liquid into going all- out over night but, most people say, â€Å"drink moderately'. But if every person who drinks liquors would try the different aroma and taste of Tuba, which would certainly give a new flavor to a person's next-day hangover, they will love this different kind of drink. But it's the local flavor that counts and it certainly gives an old-school taste in today's modern Samara-Letter.But what is more interesting is the fact that this Tuba is to Just like other liquors because this has an extra-ordinary power which can help people in many ways. This is the reason why the researchers got curious about Tuba. The secret behind this; why is this still admired by others aside from the fact that this is already a new age in the society. To help not only the business persons, but as well as the economy of the country, this is being exported into other countries. So who would say that this is Just a simple drink that doesn't have any benefits at all aside from giving happiness to every person that drink t his?Be admired and be amazed by the spirit of the Wary heritage of Tuba. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The research aims to answer the following questions which are also the main focus of this research: 1. What is the process of making tuba? 2. What is the reason why it still exists and patronized by others? 3. What are the health benefits of Tuba? DEFINITION OF TERMS Management or Mismanaging – the Tuba gatherer; a person who prepares the collection of coconut sap and climbs the coconut tree to collect the sap.Sagging(scythe) – the knife used by a Management to cut the coconut flower. Sap – The nectar that comes out when you cut an inflorescence or unopened coconut lower. Bark – In Letter, it is the bark of a tree that is reddish-tan in color. According to Wisped it comes from a red Allan tan bark tree, a kind of red mangrove tree. In other parts of Visas they called it Tuning tree, a mangrove believed to be the best bark. Another is Bake , also a mangrove tr ee. This is used for coolant and preservative as it offset fermentation.Paso- a small and short bamboo tube with a diameter enough to fit the size of the bud, also called song in the western part of Letter. Domingo- a tradition in Visas wherein Warranty's used to drink Tuba every Sunday as a reward to their hard work during weekdays. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The research focuses on the study about the Tuba or Coconut Red Wine and do not covers on other type of Filipino wine. The study is only limited on the places within Samara and Letter because these are the nearest places from the place of study, the Saint Paul School of Business and Law.The research only aims to know the information that can answer the questions stated in the Statement of the Problem. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Coconut Red Wine is a traditional Philippine wine came from the coconut tree. Another type of drink we can get from coconut is â€Å"Lambing† or coconut vodka and is merely known in the part of Luzo n. The tuba and lambing is closely related. They only differ in mixture and color. A study about lambing made by TED Case Studies dated on 2005 entitled Lambing: A Philippine drink.It covers the process of making the alcoholic beverage,Lambing which is known for its potency. It is primarily produced in Guenon Province of the Philippines,or about 143 km southeast of Manila. It focuses on Cultural Relevance, Government Involvement, Environmental Impact, and Market Penetration and Potential. The only thing it differs from our research is that our research is limited only in Region 8 , particularly in Samara-Letter. And our research discusses about the process in making Tuba and other related features about it.On the other hand, they are similar in such a way that the both researchers studied about the liquors that can we get from Coconut Sap. BODY The process of making tuba starts when the tuba gatherer called â€Å"management† climbs a coconut tree. While on top the coconut tre e, he would sit on the base of palm's frond and looks for a newly sprouting bud of bunch of coconut flower that is till completely encased in its taking (green pod). The bud of coconut fruit (inflorescence) is lopped off by slicing its very tip using a razor-sharp sagging (scythe) to cause the sap to ooze out from the bud.The stalk of the wounded bud is then pushed down to force it to bend and to position its tip to point downward making it easy to collect the dripping Juice as it drips. A container called Paso (small and short bamboo tube with a diameter enough to fit the size of the bud, also called song in the western part of Letter) is then attached by inserting the wounded tip of the bud not the mouth of Paso and sealed by wrapping around a sheath of giant (coconut sheath) and tying it securely with lapis (strips from coconut frond's bark or strip of rattan).This is done to prevent the rainwater from contaminating with the collected sap if the rain comes. With the availability of plastic cellophane and synthetic straw string, giant and lapis are sometimes no longer used as wrapper and binder. Paso is then left hanging on the tip of the bud for the whole day to collect the slowly dripping sap. The management would climb down and proceed to another coconut tree to do the same routine. The management (tuba gatherer) lops off the bud of coconut fruit (inflorescence) using a razor-sharp sagging (scythe).Refreshing the wound will assure continuous oozing of sap from the bud. By afternoon, the management would climb back to gather the Juice collected in the Paso and pour it into the hangout or Kuwait (big bamboo pole container) brought along by the management which he hung behind his shoulder (a wooden hook that fits the shoulder is attached on it, making it easy to carry up and down in the tree). The emptied Paso is then cleaned using a potholing (bamboo plunger, also called Paton r pate in Along) that would scrape off the sediments left behind and the assorted kinds of insects that came into it.The waste is thrown out by tapping the potholing on the frond of coconut palm. Then the tip of the bud is sliced off again to reopen the wound so that the coconut Juice would continue to ooze out. This is necessary because an old wound retards the oozing out of sap from the bud. The Paso is placed back on the tip of the bud before the management would climb down. Everyday thereafter, the management routinely tend to the same coconut bud until bout half of its length is totally sliced off and the bud's taking (pod) would start to burst open and the beauty (tentacle-like stalks) inside are no longer tender.When freshly gathered from the coconut tree, tuba is milky-white in color, tastes sweet, and effervescent (continuously producing tiny bubbles creating a cream-colored froth). This freshly gathered tuba, with no tuning in it, is said to be good for nursing mothers (as last resort). The unblended tuba will last only for one day as it immediately tu rns sour on the next day that eventually becomes Susann tuba on overall days more. If the freshly gathered tuba is mixed with tuning (a. . A. Bark), it tastes bitter-sweet and turns reddish-orange in color. If tuning is added as soon as possible, as if the Juice is still in the potholing or song, the coconut sap is immediately prevented from becoming sour, instead the tuning-blended Juice would ferment and would be aged over time to become ball or balling. A tuba that is freshly fermented with tuning and still effervescent is called bag-Eng data (a day- old or freshly gathered tuba).After about 12 hours of fermentation, the effervescence tops and the coconut wine becomes ball (or liana in some other places), meaning the wine is a full pledge tuba. For the first 2 weeks, tuba is filtered by siphoning to decant it out from its storage, leaving behind the laws (sediments) that settles at the bottom of the container. After a month of fermentation, tuba is then called a Balling (aged coc onut red wine) that is darker in color and tastes and smells like a fruit red wine. The longer it is stored the better it becomes.Tuba must be stored under shade, better if not totally exposed to any form of light, that is why some tuba maker bury heir Jars of tuba in the ground or hide them inside the house and covered the Jars with black cloth to avoid the souring bacteria to subsist that causes the souring of tuba. The container must also be filled up to its brim, devoid of any air inside, and tightly sealed the opening to prevent the airborne souring bacteria from contaminating the coconut wine. A contaminated tuba will tastes sour and becomes vinegar called Susann tuba (coconut vinegar). Http://www. Letter- tourism. Attachable. Net/Letter-tuba/, 2013) Drinking coconut wine is good for the health; however extreme consumption of it may cause several health risks and is also gizzards. It is always important that you drink moderately. The following are only some of its health benef its: Promotes Longevity. Wine drinkers are observed to have a 34 percent lower mortality rate than beer drinkers. Reduces Heart Attack Risk. Moderate wine drinkers who suffer high blood pressure are 30 percent less likely to experience heart attacks than non-wine-drinkers.Lowers Risk of Heart Disease. Red wine tannins contain proclamation, compounds commonly found in red wines which are good for the blood vessels and protect against heart disease. Reduces Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Compared to nondrinkers, moderate wine drinkers are 30 percent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Lowers Risk of Stroke. People who consume moderate amount of alcohol are likely to experience of about 50 percent possibility drop from suffering a blood-clot related stroke. Cuts Risk of Cataracts.Moderate drinkers are less likely to get cataracts than nondrinkers while those who consume wine are 43 percent less likely to develop cataracts than those mainly drinking beer. Cuts Risk of Colon Cancer. Modera te wine consumption cuts the risk of colon cancer by 45 percent. Slows Brain Decline. Brain functions dramatically decline on nondrinkers than on moderate wine drinkers. Gaining these wine benefits is particularly simple. All you need to do is choose the finest wine that suits your taste and surely gives the wine benefits mentioned above.Eastern Visas has the premium wine from fresh coconut saps which is carefully processed to give you a delicious experience of its clear, smooth and unique taste. (http:// www. Vacationland. Com/, 2013) In Visas, there are at least three common ways of serving tuba: one is Signal, another is may chaser and the manly purr. â€Å"Tag† is that serving of tuba poured in the glass. ) Signal tuba is blended with lots of cola like coke, Pepsi and etc. It makes the wine very sweet and fruity to your palate and throat. The drinkers usually use this way when tuba has that Eskimos (Souris) taste so as to mask the taste.This is also used when drinkers are not brave enough to savor the strong taste of good (not Souris) tuba. Another way is May chaser (a. K. A. Disinterest) tuba is also served with a chaser of cola or any sweet drink, such as Juice, chocolate drink, sweetened coffee, etc. The only difference is that the cola is not blended to Tuba. The chaser is immediately served after swigging tuba. They dare to savor first the true taste of tuba then iron out their squirming face with a chaser. And the last one is called Purr- from the Spanish word purr (meaning â€Å"pure†).One has to swig a tag of pure tuba without sipping any chaser afterward. This will surely give you the truest meaning of saying â€Å"Ayah! † to a drink. This is also considered the best way of drinking Tuba because in this way you will surely taste the original taste or the strong taste of Tuba. METHODOLOGY The topic about the most famous liquor in Samara-Letter came into the minds of the researchers. The study of the topic was more on interview and researching information from the internet and trig-media than on disseminating survey questionnaires.The researchers interviewed Managements from different area of the region, namely from Bases, Tactical and Marabou to know the process of making tuba and their secrets behind its flavor or taste. The researchers went to Tactical City, Letter and interviewed suppliers/importers of Tuba to know their way of selling it also some of the small store owners of Tuba businesses. The rest of the information was gathered through reading the newspaper, listening to the news and surfing in the internet. And also through the information gathered, the researchers analyzed those data and organized the information taken up.SUMMARY The researchers learned the process of making Tuba by interviewing the manufacturers of it called Management. Tuba came from a coconut tree and is made through a process of extracting the sap of an unopened coconut bud. It has a stinging sweet and bittersweet taste. Th e tip of the bud is lopped and the pale Juice allowed trickling into bamboo containers. A sturdy tree yields about a gallon of liquid daily. From coconut water, comes a syrup concentrate for tuba. Tuba is a sweet, fresh or mildly fermented sap taken from tapping the young expanded flowers of the coconut.The researchers also learned the health benefits of drinking Tuba. It promotes longevity, reduces heart attack risk, lowers risk of heart disease, reduces risk of type 2 diabetes, lowers risk of stroke, cut risks of cataracts and cut risks of colon cancer. The Tuba still exist up to the present because of its uniqueness in terms of taste, aroma, and also of its price compared to other wine. And also it is considered as one of the beneficial wine in the world. The researchers also learned the three common ways of serving tuba, one is Signal, and another is my chaser and the manly purr.The researchers successfully answered the question they were curious of. CONCLUSION The researchers c oncluded that tuba is preferable than other liquors because of the health benefits it gives to the drinker. The reason also why it still exist because of the cheap price and the benefit it gives to drinker, not only to the drinker, but also to the economy of the country through exports to other countries. The researchers also concluded that the process of making tuba is clean but hard to make because of the tall coconut trees that the managements climb every day Just to make it.But, it's worth it because it can help our country, not only our country, but also to the health of each person who drinks it making him/her healthier. RECOMMENDATION Based on the data gathered and the study conducted, the researchers recommend that the business persons engaged with the business on Tuba making, as well as to the government to continue exporting this kind of wine into other countries abroad o that this would be recognized by other people outside the country. And also, due to the continuous exp ortation of Tuba, the Philippines will be more famous and popular than it is today.The researchers also recommend to other students who are graduate and undergraduate of business courses to engage in this type of business, the Tuba Making. Aside from the additional income that It can brought to themselves as well as to the country, it may also help the people who drink this to become healthier because of the benefits it can gives us. The researchers recommend also hat related researchers with regards to the topic should be conducted so that this type of Filipino heritage, the tuba should be more known in our country.

God’s Word in Schools Essay

Currently our country is in moral decay because we are not raising our children under the authority of God’s Word. For example, some parents feel as though their children should not have to do chores around the house. It is our responsibility as parents to educate our children on what God’s Word  says about all of life’s issues, including chores. In Jane Smiley’s, The Case Against Chores she attacks parents that have their kids do chores saying that it alienates children from the family, but it my family it brings us together because we all pitch in to get the job done. In 1 Samuel 16:11 it says when Samuel came to anoint David, he was in the field tending the sheep. He was doing his chores! This passage clearly indicates that God wants kids to do chores. Whether or not our kids do chores is not the biggest issue though. In the 1960’s the U. S. Supreme Court decided to take prayer out of our schools. From that point on our country has seen a vast moral decay resulting in things such as AIDS and the murder of millions of innocent babies. Are we to blame the government for this? How about the school system? We need to look at ourselves as parents. Since our school systems are not going to allow the Word to be taught we parents must take up the sword and teach our children what God has to say about life’s major issues. Traditional family values are quickly becoming a thing of the past. In her article Ms. Smiley states, â€Å"And don’t the parents love their children anyway, whether the children vacuum or not? † This is insinuating that the only reason parent’s love their kids, is because of the work they do. To that I say it’s because we love our kids we assign them chores. This helps them learn responsibility. The Bible says, â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it† (Proverbs 22:6). It’s not just about teaching our children what the Word says, but we must show them in our relationship with them. Ms. Smiley says in her article when she was taking care of her horse she saw the purpose of her labor. If we educate our children about God’s Word they will see the purpose in everything they do. Colossians 3:23 says, â€Å"And whatever you do work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for men. † When God’s Word is in our heart our entire life takes on new meaning. Ms. Smiley says in her article when she was a girl she had a problem with a teacher because she (Ms. Smiley) always did what she wanted to do. She had no responsibility. She would leave for school with her room a mess and return home and it would be cleaned up for her. It’s clear that God’s Word had not been taught to Ms. Smiley. The Bible says in Romans 13:1 that we are to submit ourselves to authority. Proverbs 15:33 tells us the fear of the LORD teaches a man wisdom. Had Ms. Smiley been taught the Word there would not have been a problem. In the case of Ms. Smiley we can see where our culture is going astray. We have gotten away from God in the home and in the schools and we now have one generation passing down their values (or lack thereof)  to another. In order to restore our country to what our founding fathers intended it to be we must start in the homes. We can do this by giving our kids chores, disciplining them when needed, telling them what they need to hear as opposed to what they want to hear, spending time with them, showing them love, and most importantly teaching them about our Heavenly Father. In doing so we can bring up a nation of young leaders who can restore this great land to what it once was, one nation under God with liberty and justice for all.

Cleaner Production Essay Example

Cleaner Production Essay Example Cleaner Production Essay Cleaner Production Essay Introduction Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment due to environmental issues, environmental friendly products and green production is now a trend; and cleaner production assessment is a great way to know the areas of improvement of a firm to make them continue their process in a harmless way. Cleaner production is a broad term that encompasses what some countries call waste minimization, waste avoidance and pollution prevention. It refers to a mentality of how we produce our goods and services with the minimum environmental impact under present technological and economic limits. Cleaner production involves applying know-how, improving technologies, and above all, changing attitudes in many places. And it also involved the elimination of toxic, dangerous materials and the reduction of emissions and waste at the source. Nowadays bakeries are committed to continuous environmental improvement and it has implemented cleaner production improvements on an ongoing basis as part of its environmental management system. It has set and achieves targets for improvement of energy and water efficiency, and in waste reduction. Background AT ten study A bakery or bakeshop is an establishment which produces and sells flour-based food baked in an oven such as bread, cakes, pastries and pies. The Bakery Shop leads users to distinguish that people have many wants, which wants are unlimited and resources are limited. The goal is to enable students to explain how resources can be used in different ways, identify goods and services, and recognize money as the commonly accepted average of exchange for goods and services. Customers expect bread to have a sufficient volume, an attractive shape and color, a mall piece that is finely and evenly distributed and is soft enough to chew but firm enough to slice. These quality characteristics can only be achieved through a combination of careful selection of ingredients and control of the manufacturing process. The customer needs must be documented and agreed, as this will enable the manufacturer to select the ingredients and define the control points within the process. Control of the process must arise during all stages, from selection of the ingredients and packaging materials through to delivery of the finished product and labeling information. Company Description The company located at Pedro Gill Manila, the 150 sq. Meters bakery owned by Roomer family which started on 2008. Ailing Rising bakery starts producing pan De Sal first at 4:00 am, and then makes other kind of breads for Marianne that was there daily routine. The bakery store opens at 5:AMA to 9:pm. They order raw materials from supplier once a month which is good for them so that they minimize transportation cost. The company produces 120 per kinds of bread and maximum of 200 per day. The company produces bread such as: Money, Putout, Spanish bread, Paging, Sputnik, Cheese bread, Panels, kalmia, paned coco. Company organized the bakeshop in 5 years of business and theyre extremely concern about flexible and adaptable of changing requirements, the main process of the company is to produce quality breads and sell it without any complaints from the consumers. Company expenses are quite conscious in terms of electricity and water consumption from production. The important inputs of production are raw materials, energy and water consumption, outputs are waste products. Barriers Energy Consumption Primary energy used in home baking was dependent on the bevel of loading of the oven and the consumption of utility machines. Housekeeping- Housekeeping activities involved in a bakery are primarily storage of raw materials, mixing, baking, and equipment used, which possibly will cause potential impacts to insects/pests, odor, health hazards. Machine Control- Maintenance performed in an attempt to avoid failures, unnecessary production loss and safety violations. Pollution The pollution is due to emission of odor, milling dust, and refrigerant agent. Water Consumption- The bakery industry is one of the largest water users in Philippines, ore than half of the water is discharged as wastewater from cleaning/washing. Safety and Health- Risk arising hazards were assess to actions, skills and experience of workers, equipments, and work environment/layout of production. Objectives To raise the awareness of improving production processes and products. To present the opportunities improvement of environmental performance in bakeshop through the relevance of Cleaner Production. To develop environmental benefits in energy and water efficiency, and in waste reduction. Cleaner Production assessment The importance of cleaner production (CUP) in the bakery industry is that the bakeries have major potential to reduce its energy and water consumption. Our presentation is aim to provide information for inspectors on hazardous substances: Hazardous substances involved their effects on employee health, Requirements of the Risk Assessment, Options for controlling exposure,Safety Risks from Bakery Dust. We are also concerned about the health of the worker; many substances found in bakeries are hazardous to the health of the workers. It also committed to continuous environmental Improvement Ana It NAS Implemented cleaner production improvements on an ongoing basis as part of its environmental management system. It has set and achieves targets for improvement of energy and water efficiency, and in waste reduction. Cleaner Production is defined as the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment. For production processes, Cleaner Production involves the conservation of raw materials and energy, the elimination of toxic raw materials, and the reduction in the quantities and toxicity of wastes and emissions. For product development and design, Cleaner Production involves the reduction of negative impacts throughout the life cycle of the product: from raw material extraction to ultimate disposal. For service industries, Cleaner Production involves the incorporation of environmental considerations into the design and delivery of services. Bakery Layout: Legend: 1 . Storage area of raw materials 2. Machine 1 3. Machine 2 4. Molding area 5. Storage area for mold bread 6. Oven baking machine 7. Storage cabinet for finish products 8. Cabinet for utensils 9. Sink 10. Comfort Room Company Main Process Flowchart of Bread making process Process overview This will show the process of bread making in Ailing Risings bakery starting from raw material to the displaying the finish product. Here are the descriptions of the processes they perform in producing of bread: Preparation AT materials This includes the checking and obtaining the ingredient. Checking the temperature and preparing the water needed for the production. Weighing Materials The best quality product is achieved when the Bread Mix, water and yeast are used at the recommended proportions, each ingredient relative to the others is more important than the overall quantities. Mixing the dough using the kneading machine This is adding all the ingredients to the mixing machine, attach the dough hook to the mixer, and place the yeast, bread mix and water into the mixing bowl. For the optimum performance, the temperature of the dough after mixing should range from 28 to 30 degrees Celsius. They set the mixer into an appropriate speed until it is ready to knead. Beating Process Kneading distributes the yeast through the dough and develops and strengthens the gluten of the flour to form the framework of the bread. They are kneading by hand; this requires considerable effort to achieve the desired smooth and elastic dough necessary for the best result. Molding process On this process the dough will put on molding table to mold on different various design of the bread. After molding the dough, they store it on a cabinet then it will proceed on baking machine oven. Baking The breads are loaded quickly, but carefully into the oven for baking. Oven temperatures vary about 425 degrees Fahrenheit to 450 degrees Fahrenheit. When the baking process is complete, the breads are unloaded manually. The breads are allowed to cool for about 1 hour at which point the internal temperature of the bread drops to 100 degrees Fahrenheit and is ready to be sliced. Slicing the ready bread After cooling the bread it will proceed to slicing the bread. Display the Bread Finally, display the bread display uniquely so that the customer will attract to buy. Assessment Identifying Source (WHERE) Analyze the cause (WHY) Generate Possible Options (HOW) Energy Consumption Machine Usage Replace Kneading Machine to Spiral Machine. Because Spiral Machine is more productive and less electricity consumed. Housekeeping Messy working area of baking For every finished product theyve done, the workers should clean regularly the working area especially the remnants of raw materials such as eggs, flour, sugar, and etc. Improper storage of raw materials Every raw material should be organized according to their place and the raw materials should be keeping close. Machine Control Running Machines Proper maintenance all of machines and use grease oil in the gears of the machines to reduce the noise of it. Pollution Flour Dust Use closed container for storing flour polluted C. R. Proper cleaning of comfort room and always close the door after usage Baking Machines Having a good maintenance for Air Ventilation Water Consumption Equipment Use wide stainless steel tray instead of rubber mats for molding of bread Staffs Check and repair leaks in taps, hoses and toilets. Encourage their staffs to check and report any leaks or Adults as soon as teeny see teem. Estate Ana Health Lack of PEP The workers should have heat protective cloth/gloves against the oven as well as hair net Other Matters Product package Supply paper bags instead of plastic bags Slippery floor/tiles The workers should have slip-roof soles in their shoes. The workers should clean the floor tiles after their production day. Defrosting Food Plan ahead and defrost food in the fridge at the end of a working day. They will save energy by 4%, by allowing the frozen food to act as the coolant in the fridge Feasibility Analysis Technical Summary Proper maintenance/Use Grease Oil in machines Encourage the staffs to check and report any leaks Proper cleaning of comfort room Provide heat protective cloth/gloves, and hair net Workers should have slip-proof soles in shoes Use closed container for storage Environmental Summary Good maintenance for Air ventilation Organized raw materials according to the place (Implement FIFO policy) Workers hooked clean regularly the working area Supply paper bags for product package instead of plastic bags Economic Summary Replace Kneading machine to Spiral machine Defrost Food in the fridge daily (1 hour/day) Use wide stainless steel tray instead of rubber mats Recommendations Implement as on the production site. I Nils proposed will Nell teem to eliminates or milling ten wastes on toner production areas. 1. Sort -To dispose all unnecessary items and if an item is n ecessary or unnecessary, put a Disposal Notice with the date on the item, and set the item aside. 2. Systematize Make a list of things with their locations and put it on cabinets. And label each drawer to show what is kept for ease in locating items. 3. Sweep -Prepare cleaning schedules and assign a person responsible for equipment and maintenance of an area or storage. 4. Sanitize -Make a schedule for cleaning of their storage. 5. Self-Discipline Key workplace always clean and tidy. Put things back in their proper place after use. Bakeshop must aware in green supply chain management and environmental management system. Bakeshop has to fix and organize the storage; for the safe of raw materials and not to waste. Bakeshop must have proper maintenance and cleaning of equipment should be a day-to-day routine, resulting in a clean and tidy workplace. Use a wide stainless tray; it benefits to minimize the water consumption and detergent consumption on cleaning a tray. It also help to minimize the resources consumed. Use Spiral machine; it benefits to minimize the energy consumption and increased the productivity output. Management should report the negative factors inside and outside of Bakeshop. Product Information MONEY This is yellowish soft bread with the traditional split in the middle. Some immemorial money no longer have the suggestive marking on top and are pale in color. Ingredients: 700 g flour 7 1/2 g instant dry yeast 1 cup water 3/4 cup white sugar 2 3/4 teaspoons dizzied salt 1/4 cup butter 1 teaspoon bread improver 1/8 cup skim milk powder 2 medium eggs It makes 10 pieces of bread per serve. PUTOUT Made from money dough, the putout has a crown on top instead of a split. Its texture ranges from semi-soft to rock hard. The top is brushed with a milk glaze then sprinkled with sugar. The ridges acquire a golden brown color in the hot oven while the rest of its body remains pale to pale brown.